When someone is not following the righteous path with his heart full of viciousness, all sorts of doubts creep up. That is what happened to Duryodhana when he went to his teacher Drona and spoke those unnecessary words in the previous verses. He was perhaps trying to give himself confidence and was expecting Drona to reassure him. But Drona remained silent throughout.
Chapter 1, Verse 12
तस्य सञ्जनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः ।
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥१२॥
tasya sañjanayanharṣaṁ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ,
siṁhanādaṁ vinadyoccaiḥ śaṅkhaṁ dadhmau pratāpavān. (12)The old and experienced man in Kuru Dynasty, Bheeshma, blew his conch Simhanādam loudly, giving happiness and confidence to his army.
Having listened to Duryodhana and seeing Drona standing quietly without responding, Bheeshma knew that if he let Duryodhana continue to talk, he would be demotivating others in the army. So he went ahead and blew his conch (named Simhanādam) to give joy and confidence to his army. Although Bheeshma did this seeing the mental condition of Duryodhana, the Kauravas became the aggressors officially starting the war through this act.
Chapter 1, Verse 13
ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः ।
सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ॥१३॥
tataḥ śaṅkhāśca bheryaśca paṇavānakagomukhāḥ,
sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śabdastumulo’bhavat. (13)After Bheeshma blew his conch, suddenly conches, drums, trumpets, kettle drums, and cow horns blared forth. And there was a tremendous sound.
Chapter 1, Verse 14
ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थितैा ।
माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतुः ॥१४॥
tataḥ śvetairhayairyukte mahati syandane sthitau,
mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaścaiva divyau śaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ. (14)Then, Mādhava (Sri Krishna), and Arjuna seated in a chariot yoked by white horses, blew their divine conches.
In the way that Sanjaya uses words and descriptions, it seems pretty apparent that his sympathies lie with the Pandavas. Perhaps he is doing that to persuade Dhritarashtra to withdraw from battle.
Chapter 1, Verses 15 and 16
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः ।
पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः ॥१५॥
pāñcajanyaṁ hṛṣīkeśo devadattaṁ dhanañjayaḥ,
pauṇḍraṁ dadhmau mahāśaṅkhaṁ bhīmakarmā vṛkodaraḥ. (15)Hrishikesha (Sri Krishna) blew his conch named Panchajanya. Dhananjaya (Arjuna) blew his conch named Devadatta. Vrkodara (Bheema), who performs complicated tasks, blew his mighty conch named Paundra.
अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ ॥१६॥
anantavijayaṁ rājā kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ,
nakulaḥ sahadevaśca sughoṣamaṇipuṣpakau. (16)Yuddhistara, the son of Kunti, blew the conch named Anantavijayam. Nakula and Sahadeva blew their conches named Sugosha and Manipushpaka.
In these two verses, Sanjaya specifies the names of Sri Krishna’s and Pandavas’ conches in contrast to how he generically described the sound of conches, trumpets, etc., concerning the Kauravas.
Chapter 1, Verses 17 and 18
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः ।
धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः ॥१७॥
kāśyaśca parameṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ,
dhṛṣṭadyumno virāṭaśca sātyakiścāparājitaḥ. (17)द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते ।
सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक् ॥१८॥
drupado draupadeyāśca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpate,
saubhadraśca mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhāndadhmuḥ pṛthak pṛthak. (18)King of Kashi, an excellent archer; Shikhandi who single-handedly can fight ten thousand warriors; Dhrishtadyumna; Virata; Satyaki who is unconquerable; Drupada and all sons of Draupadi; mightly armed son of Subhadra, all blew their conches.
Sanjaya addresses Dhritarashtra as the Lord of the Earth, and he mentions that all the other great warriors in the Pandava Army also blew their conches.
Chapter 1, Verse 19
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत् ।
नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन् ॥१९॥
sa ghoṣo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṁ hṛdayāni vyadārayat,
nabhaśca pṛthivīṁ caiva tumulo vyanunādayan. (19)The tumultuous, thundering sound reverberated both heaven and earth, shattering the hearts of Dhritarashtra’s sons.
Sanjaya has been vividly explaining the superiority of the Pandavas, perhaps trying to paint a clear picture in Dhritarashtra’s mind so he may call off the war at least now.
Chapter 1, Verses 20 and 21
अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान् कपिध्वजः ।
प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥२०॥
atha vyavasthitāndṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrān kapidhvajaḥ,
pravṛtte śastrasampāte dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ. (20)अर्जुन उवाच
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत ॥२१॥
arjuna uvāca
senayorubhayormadhye rathaṁ sthāpaya me’cyuta. (21)Then, seeing Dhritarashtra’s sons arrayed, Arjuna, who has Hanuman on his flag banner, ready with his weapons, taking up his bow, asked Sri Krishna to place his chariot in the middle of both the armies.
Chapter 1, Verses 22 and 23
यावदेतान्निरीक्षेऽहं योद्धुकामानवस्थितान् ।
कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन्रणसमुद्यमे ॥२२॥
yāvadetānnirīkṣe’haṁ yoddhukāmānavasthitān,
kairmayā saha yoddhavyamasminraṇasamudyame. (22)Arjuna says to Krishna that he wants to see those assembled who are desirous of fighting and who he should be fighting in this great combat that is about to start.
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः ॥२३॥
yotsyamānānavekṣe’haṁ ya ete’tra samāgatāḥ,
dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddheryuddhe priyacikīrṣavaḥ. (23)He continues to say that he wants to see those who have assembled there to fight, wishing to please the evil-minded Dhritarashtra’s son (Duryodhana).
Arjuna was an intelligent, courageous, focused man of action who wanted to see the enemy frontlines to strategize. He was in his element as expected, without being affected by any mental dejection until this point.
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